German concert and opera orchestra founded 1662 and is based in Karlsruhe.

General music directors since 1904:

• Michael Balling (1904–1907)
• Georg Göhler (1907–1909)
• Leopold Reichwein (1909–1913)
• Fritz Cortolezis (1913–1925)
• Josef Krips (1926–1933)
• Klaus Nettstraetter (1933–1935)
• Joseph Keilberth (1935–1940)
• Otto Matzerath (1940–1955)
• Alexander Krannhals (1955–1961)
• Arthur Grüber (1962–1976)
• Christof Prick(1977–1985)
• José Maria Collado (1985–1987)
• Günter Neuhold (1989–1995)
• Kazushi Ono (1996–2002)
• Anthony Bramall (2002–2008)
• Justin Brown (2) (2008 - 2020)
• Georg Fritzsch (since 2020)