William Gilbert


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(18 November 1836 – 29 May 1911) was an English dramatist, librettist, poet and illustrator best known for his fourteen comic operas produced in collaboration with the composer Sir Arthur Sullivan, of which the most famous include H.M.S. Pinafore, The Pirates of Penzance and one of the most frequently performed works in the history of musical theatre, The Mikado. These, as well as most of their other Savoy operas, continue to be performed regularly throughout the English-speaking world and beyond by opera companies, repertory companies, schools and community theatre groups. Lines from these works have become part of the English language, such as short, sharp shock, What, never? Well, hardly ever!, and Let the punishment fit the crime.

ALBUMS


Gilbert* And Sullivan*
The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company - The Very Best Of Gilbert And Sullivan
2011, 2xCD, Comp, Decca, ,
Opera/Operetta/Romantic
Gilbert* & Sullivan*
The Mikado: 1973 D’Oyly Carte Cast
2003, 2xCD, Decca, ,
Romantic/Operetta
Gilbert* & Sullivan*
H.M.S. Pinafore; The Pirates of Penzance
2003, 4xCD, Castle Pulse,
Gilbert* , Sullivan* ; D'Oyly Carte Opera Company
The Very Best of Gilbert & Sullivan
1998,
Gilbert* & Sullivan*, Academy Of St. Martin in the Fields*, Sir Neville Marriner
Overtures
1993
Gilbert* & Sullivan*, Sir Charles Mackerras / Orchestra* & Chorus Of The Welsh National Opera*
The Mikado
1992, CD, Album, Telarc, ,
Operetta
W.S. Gilbert*, Frederic Clay
Ages Ago
1970, 2xLP, Gat, Not On Label, ,
Opera/Operetta
Gilbert* & Cellier*, The Lyric Theater Company of Washington DC
The Mountebanks
1965, 3xLP + 7" + Box, Not On Label, ,
Operetta
D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, William Gilbert, Sir Arthur Sullivan
The Gondoliers / Cox And Box
1961, ,
Operetta
William Gilbert
The Best Poems Of William S. Gilbert (of Gilbert & Sullivan)
LP, Timeless Words, ,
Spoken Word
W.S. Gilbert* & Arthur Sullivan*
The Mikado
VHS, HI-, VAI, ,
Musical
Gilbert & Sullivan
H.M.S. Pinafore (Or The Lass That Loved A Sailor)
2001, CD, Album, Mono, Symposium
Gilbert & Sullivan
Gondolførerne
2000, 2xCD, Album, Upfarm, ,
Opera
Gilbert & Sullivan
Topsy-Turvy (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
1999
Gilbert & Sullivan
Ruddigore
1987, ,
Operetta
Gilbert & Sullivan
Iolanthe
1967, ,
Opera
Gilbert & Sullivan
Ruddigore Highlights
1966, ,
Opera/Romantic
Gilbert & Sullivan
The Mikado
1966
Gilbert & Sullivan
Ruddigore, Or, The Witches Curse
1963, ,
Opera
Gilbert & Sullivan
The Gondoliers
1961, ,
Operetta
Gilbert & Sullivan
The Gondoliers
1961, ,
Opera
Gilbert & Sullivan
Vocal Gems From Gilbert & Sullivan's "The Mikado"
1958, ,
Musical/Opera
Gilbert & Sullivan
Yeomen Of The Guard
1956
Gilbert & Sullivan
The Gondoliers Or The King Of Barataria (Abridged Version)
1931, ,
Operetta
Gilbert & Sullivan
The Pirates Of Penzance
1929, ,
Musical
Gilbert & Sullivan
Princess Ida, Or, Castle Adamant
1925, 10xShellac, 12", Album, Boo, His Master's Voice, His Master's Voice, His Master's Voice, His Master's Voice, His Master's Voice, His Master's Voice, His Master's Voice, His Master's Voice, His Master's Voice, His Master's Voice, ,
Opera/Comedy
Gilbert & Sullivan
H.M.S. Pinafore, Or, The Lass That Loved A Sailor
1924, 8xShellac, 12", Album, Boo, His Master's Voice, His Master's Voice, His Master's Voice, His Master's Voice, His Master's Voice, His Master's Voice, His Master's Voice, His Master's Voice
Gilbert & Sullivan
The Pirates Of Penzance Or The Slave Of Duty
2xCD, Album, Sony Classical, Sony Classical, Sony Classical, ,
Musical
Gilbert & Sullivan
The Pirates Of Penzance Junior (Accompaniment & Guide Vocal CDs)
2xCD, Album, Not On Label

APPEARANCES +


Louis Frémaux
The Complete CBSO Recordings
2017, Box + 12xCD, Comp, RM, Warner Classics, ,
Impressionist/Modern/Opera/Operetta/Romantic
Louisiana Philharmonic Orchestra
A Fair To Remember: The 1884 - 1885 Concert Season In New Orleans
2016, CD, LPO (4),
Metronome The City
Isonomia
2015, LP, Album, Not On Label, ,
Art Rock/Prog Rock
Lin-Manuel Miranda
Hamilton: An American Musical (Original Broadway Cast Recording)
2015, ,
Musical
Dario Marianelli
Quartet (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
2012, ,
Soundtrack/Score/Opera/Baroque
Dorothy The Dinosaur
Dorothy The Dinosaur/Dorothy The Dinosaur's Memory Book (Double Pack)
2011, CD, Album, RE + CD, Album, RE + Comp, ABC For Kids, ABC Music,
Mormon Tabernacle Choir, Orchestra at Temple Square, Mack Wilberg
Men Of The Mormon Tabernacle Choir
2010, CD, Album, Mormon Tabernacle Choir, Intellectual Reserve, Inc., ,
Choral
Bryn Terfel
Bad Boys
2010
Victorian Welsh Choir*
Showtime Memory
2009, CD, Album, Gwalia (2),
Dorothy The Dinosaur
Dorothy The Dinosaur's Memory Book
2008, CD, Album, ABC For Kids, ABC Music
Various
Great Short Stories
2007, CD, Goya LiT,
Bryn Terfel
A Song In My Heart
2007, ,
Folk/Score/Opera/Baroque/Romantic/Classical/Modern
Richard Thompson With Judith Owen & Debra Dobkin
1000 Years Of Popular Music
2006, ,
Acoustic/Folk
Seattle Gilbert & Sullivan Society
Pattersongs
2005, CD, Album, Not On Label, ,
Operetta
Various
The Best Of Silly Songs
2004, ,
Novelty/Story/Choral/Vocal/Music Hall/Marches/Country Rock/Rock & Roll/Skiffle/Rhythm & Blues/Soul/Ballad/Parody/Nursery Rhymes/Folk
Various
Mickey, Donald, Goofy: The Three Musketeers (An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack)
2004, ,
Soundtrack
Various
Music, Architecture & Wright
2002, CD, Comp, Philadelphia Museum Of Art, ,
Baroque/Classical/Romantic/Modern/Contemporary
Felicity Lott
Voices Of Our Time: Felicity Lott
2002, DVD-V, NTSC, TDK (3), ,
Romantic
Various
Telarc Classical - Celebrating 25 Years
2002, ,
Baroque/Classical/Romantic/Impressionist/Contemporary
Drew Neumann, Randy Kerber
The Wild Thornberrys Movie Original Motion Picture Score
2002
Mildred Bailey
Complete Columbia Recordings Vol. 2
2001, 4xCD, Comp, Definitive Records (2),
Gilbert & Sullivan - Darrell Fancourt · Leonard Osborn · Martyn Green · Margaret Mitchell (2) · Isidore Godfrey
The Mikado
2001, ,
Operetta
Various
Najwięksi Tenorzy Świata
2000, CD, Comp, Point Music (2), ,
Classical/Opera/Operetta/Romantic
Various
Najwięksi Tenorzy Świata
2000, Cass, Comp, Point Music (2)
The Olmec Heads
Magic Man
2000, ,
Trance/Acid/Progressive Trance
Stan Freberg
Tip Of The Freberg: The Stan Freberg Collection 1951-1998
1999, 4xCD, Comp + VHS, Comp, NTSC, Rhino Records (2), EMI-Capitol Music Special Markets, ,
Promotional/Novelty/Parody
Various
From Which We Came (The First Opera Sets)
1999, CD-ROM, Comp, mp3, Audio Encyclopedia, ,
Romantic/Opera/Operetta
The Simpsons
Go Simpsonic With The Simpsons: More Original Music From The Television Series
1999, ,
Soundtrack/Parody
Dutch Falconi Orchestra
Crimeboss Hootenanny
1998, CD, Album, Binary Curious Records, ,
Big Band/Swing/Novelty/Parody
Various
Land Of Hope And Glory
1998, ,
Soundtrack/Military/Opera/Classical/Marches
Gilbert & Sullivan, Sylvia McNair, Jean Rigby, Kurt Streit, Thomas Allen, Bryn Terfel, Academy*, Chorus Of St Martin In The Fields, Sir Neville Marriner
The Yeomen Of The Guard
1998, ,
Operetta
Various
More Silly Songs: 20 More Simply Super Singable Silly Songs
1998, ,
Rock & Roll/Soul/Rhythm & Blues/Skiffle/Ballad/Novelty/Parody/Nursery Rhymes/Story/Folk/Country Rock
Dagoll Dagom
Els Pirates
1997, CD, Album, Picap, ,
Operetta/Musical
Anton Lesser, Simon Russell Beale
Popular Poetry - Popular Verse
1994, 2xCD, Album, Naxos Audiobooks, ,
Poetry
Dagoll Dagom
El Mikado [Catalan Version]
1994, ,
Musical/Operetta
Lesley Garrett -- The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra*, Peter Robinson
Simple Gifts
1994, ,
Post-Modern
Various
The Telarc Collection Volume 10
1994, ,
Classical/Baroque/Choral/Impressionist/Romantic/Neo-Romantic
D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, Gilbert & Sullivan
Princess Ida / Pineapple Poll
1993, ,
Operetta
Gilbert & Sullivan - The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company*
The Pirates Of Penzance – Highlights
1992, CD, Album, Decca
Gilbert & Sullivan, D'Oyly Carte Opera Company
H.M.S. Pinafore (Highlights)
1992, CD, Album, Decca, ,
Opera/Operetta
Gilbert & Sullivan, D'Oyly Carte Opera Company
H.M.S. Pinafore
1992, CD, Album, Pro-Arte Digital, ,
Opera
Gilbert & Sullivan, The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company Orchestra, The D'Oyly Carte Opera Chorus, John Pryce Jones*
The Mikado - Highlights
1992, CD, Album, Boots (22)
Gilbert & Sullivan, New Sadler's Wells Opera Chorus And Orchestra*
Highlights From The Sadler's Wells Opera Production Of Gilbert & Sullivan's H.M.S. Pinafore
1992, ,
Operetta/Musical
Gilbert & Sullivan, D'Oyly Carte Opera Company
The Gondoliers
1991, 2xCD, Album + Box, Jay Productions Ltd., ,
Operetta
Gilbert & Sullivan, The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company Orchestra, The D'Oyly Carte Opera Chorus, John Pryce Jones*
The Mikado
1991, 2xCD, Album + Box, Sony Classical, ,
Operetta
Mandy Patinkin
Mandy Patinkin
1989, ,
Big Band
Various
Jubilee Gold - 50th Anniversary 1938-1988
1988
Gilbert & Sullivan / New Sadler's Wells Opera Chorus And Orchestra*, Simon Phipps
H.M.S. Pinafore, or 'The Lass That Loved A Sailor'
1988
Gilbert & Sullivan, George Baker (3) • John Cameron • Richard Lewis (3) • Owen Brannigan • Elsie Morison • Marjorie Thomas • Monica Sinclair • James Milligan • Glyndebourne Festival Chorus • Pro Arte Orchestra • Sir Malcolm Sargent
H.M.S. Pinafore/Trial By Jury
1987
Paul Gemignani, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
A Broadway Extravaganza
1987
Gilbert & Sullivan - The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company*
Patience
1986, ,
Operetta
Gilbert & Sullivan, The English National Opera Orchestra
The Mikado Highlights
1986, ,
Operetta
The Mikado 1986 London Cast
The Mikado (Highlights From The English National Opera Production)
1986, ,
Opera
Various
Das Goldene Operetten Archiv • 56
1985, LP, Comp, Marcato, ,
Musical
Sir Arthur Sullivan - Jeanne Ommerlé, Sanford Sylvan, Gary Wedow
Sweethearts (Songs Of Sir Arthur Sullivan)
1985, LP, Album, Northeastern Records, ,
Romantic
Sir Arthur Sullivan - Jeanne Ommerlé, Sanford Sylvan, Gary Wedow
Sweethearts (Songs Of Sir Arthur Sullivan)
1985, LP, Album, Conifer, ,
Romantic
Valerie Masterson* • Robert Tear, Bournemouth Sinfonietta, Kenneth Alwyn, Sheila Armstrong, Benjamin Luxon, Northern Sinfonia, Richard Hickox
A Gilbert & Sullivan Gala
1985, ,
Operetta
Ian Wallace
A Celebration
1985, ,
Romantic/Neo-Romantic/Operetta/Musical/Folk
Gilbert & Sullivan, D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Isidore Godfrey
The Sorcerer
1984, 2xLP, Album, RE, RM, Decca, Decca, Decca, Decca, ,
Operetta
Gilbert & Sullivan - D'Oyly Carte Opera Company
H.M.S. Pinafore (Complete With Dialogue)
1984, ,
Romantic/Operetta
Gilbert & Sullivan - Kevin Kline, Estelle Parsons, Linda Ronstadt, George Rose, Rex Smith
The Pirates Of Penzance
1981, ,
Musical/Operetta
Various
Weltstar-Festival Der Operette
1980, 2xLP, Comp, Gat, RCA Victrola, ,
Operetta/Opera/Romantic
Erskine Hawkins
The Complete Erskine Hawkins Volumes 1/2 (1938/1939)
1980, ,
Swing
Darrell Fancourt, Leonard Osborn, Martyn Green, Richard Watson (6), Alan Styler, Radley Flynn, Margaret Mitchell (2), Joan Gillingham, Joyce Wright (2), Ella Halman
The Mikado
1979, 2xLP, Decca, ,
Opera
The York Philharmonic Male Voice Choir
Dukes Of York
1978, LP, Album, Not On Label, ,
Choral
Gilbert & Sullivan, The Glyndebourne Festival Chorus*, Pro Arte Orchestra, Sir Malcolm Sargent
The Yeomen Of The Guard
1977, ,
Opera
Gilbert & Sullivan - Sir Malcolm Sargent
Patience
1977
Gilbert And Sullivan* - D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra*, Royston Nash
The Grand Duke, or The Statutory Duel
1976, ,
Operetta
Gilbert And Sullivan*, The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company* And The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra Conducted By Royston Nash
Utopia Limited Or The Flowers Of Progress
1976, ,
Opera
The Cestrian Male Voice Choir Of Chester*
Festival Volume Two
1975, LP, Album, John Hassell Recordings, ,
Religious
Gilbert & Sullivan, Donald Adams, John Cartier, Ann Hood, Gillian Humphreys, Thomas Round, Helen Landis, Lawrence Richard, Gilbert & Sullivan Festival Chorus And Orchestra*, Peter Murray
Highlights From Ruddigore
1975, LP, Album, Pye Records, ,
Operetta/Musical/Romantic
Gilbert & Sullivan, Donald Adams, John Cartier, Helen Landis, Thomas Round, Lawrence Richard, Gilbert And Sullivan Festival Chorus And Orchestra, Peter Murray
Highlights From The Yeoman Of The Guard
1975, ,
Operetta/Musical/Romantic
Various
The Black Mikado
1975
Various
The Spectrum Of Music - Level 6
1974, 9xLP + Box, Macmillan, ,
Educational/Folk/Folk Rock
Rossendale Male Voice Choir* Conducted By Fred Tomlinson MBE*
Fifty Years Of Song
1974, LP, Not On Label (The Rossendale Male Voice Choir Self-released)
Gilbert & Sullivan - The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company*, The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra*, Royston Nash
Iolanthe
1974
Gilbert And Sullivan* - The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company* With The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra Conducted By Royston Nash
The Mikado
1973
Various
Wien, Wien, Nur Du Allein
1973, ,
Folk/Classical/Romantic/Marches
Various
What Is Good Recorded Sound?
1972, LP, Album, Discourses/All About Music, ,
Spoken Word/Technical
Arthur Sullivan* & Bolton Rowe, Roderick Spencer (2), Max Miradin, Fulham Light Operatic Society with The Light Opera Orchestra
The Zoo
1972, LP, Album, Rare Recorded Editions
Gilbert & Sullivan - D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
H.M.S. Pinafore
1971
Gilbert & Sullivan - The Glyndebourne Festival Chorus*, Pro Arte Orchestra, Sir Malcolm Sargent
The Pirates Of Penzance
1971, ,
Opera
Various
Selections From "The Haunted House And Other Spooky Poems And Tales"
1970, ,
Story
Gilbert And Sullivan*
The Mikado
1968
Wilson* • Ehret* • Snyder* • Hermann* • Renna*
Growing With Music - Book 2
1967, 9xLP, Mono + Box, Album, Prentice-Hall, Inc., ,
Educational
Various
Das Goldene Herz Der Romantischen Operette
1967, ,
Romantic/Operetta
Gilbert & Sullivan - D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Sir Malcolm Sargent
Princess Ida
1965
Gilbert & Sullivan - The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company*
Highlights From The Mikado
1965, ,
Opera
Gilbert & Sullivan, The Lyric Theater Company of Washington DC
Utopia Limited, Or The Flowers Of Progress.
1964
Unknown Artist
Show'N Tell Picturesound Program: Heidi
1964
Various
Angel Albums for June 1963
1963, LP, Album, Promo, Smplr, Angel Records, ,
Romantic/Comedy/Spoken Word/Impressionist/Modern
Gilbert And Sullivan*
Iolanthe
1963, ,
Operetta
Gilbert & Sullivan - Sadler's Wells Opera Company
Highlights From Iolanthe
1962, ,
Opera
Gilbert & Sullivan - D'Oyly Carte Opera Company
H.M.S. Pinafore
1961, 2xLP, Mono, Richmond
Gilbert & Sullivan - Glyndebourne Festival Chorus, Pro Arte Orchestra, Sir Malcolm Sargent
Trial By Jury
1961, ,
Operetta
Gilbert & Sullivan, D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, Isidore Godfrey
The Gondoliers / Cox And Box
1961, ,
Operetta
Gilbert & Sullivan - D'Oyly Carte Opera Company
HMS Pinafore
1961
Gilbert And Sullivan* - D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, The New Symphony Orchestra Of London, Isidore Godfrey
The Mikado
1960, 2xLP, RE, Decca, Decca
Various
A Junior Anthology Of English Verse Part 1
1958, 10", Jupiter Recordings, ,
Poetry
Massed Brass Bands Of Fodens, Fairey Aviation & Morris Motors, Harry Mortimer
Sounding Brass
1958, ,
Brass Band/Marches
Gilbert And Sullivan* - D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, The New Symphony Orchestra Of London, Isidore Godfrey
The Mikado
1958, ,
Romantic/Opera
Gilbert And Sullivan*, The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company* with The New Symphony Orchestra Of London* Conducted by Isidore Godfrey
The Pirates Of Penzance
1958
Various
The Fun Makers: An Evening With The Humorists
1957, LP, Album, Decca, ,
Comedy/Poetry
Nelson Eddy
Patter Songs From Gilbert & Sullivan
1941
Kenny Baker
A Wandering Minstrel / The Moon And I
1939
Alex Taylor
Wand'ring By An Old Cathedral Garden / Underneath The Arches
1932, Shellac, 10", Decca
The Cavendish Light Opera Co.
Vocal Gems From "The Gondoliers"
1931, Shellac, 10", May-Fair
Zonophone Light Opera Company
Vocal Gems From "The Mikado"
1929, Shellac, 10", Zonophone, ,
Opera
Light Opera Orchestra*, Nellie Briercliffe
The Yeomen Of The Guard
1929, ,
Operetta
Max Pallenberg
Scharfrichter-Couplet / Das Lied Von Der Bachstelze
1927, Shellac, 10", Electrola, ,
Opera
Zonophone Light Opera Company
Vocal Gems From "The Mikado"
1927, Shellac, 12", Zonophone
Zonophone Light Opera Company
Vocal Gems From "The Yeomen Of The Guard"
1927
Regimental Band Of H.M. Grenadier Guards*
The Pirates Of Penzance - Selection
1923, Shellac, 10", 80 RPM, Columbia,
Light Opera Orchestra*, George Baker (3), Peter Dawson, Violet Essex, Edward Halland, Bessie Jones (2), Derek Oldham, Robert Radford, Edna Thornton, Nellie Walker
The Pirates Of Penzance
1921, 11xShellac, 12", Album, His Master's Voice, His Master's Voice, His Master's Voice, His Master's Voice, His Master's Voice, His Master's Voice, His Master's Voice, His Master's Voice, His Master's Voice, His Master's Voice, His Master's Voice, His Master's Voice, ,
Operetta
Hulda Lashanska
Bonnie Sweet Bessie
1918, Shellac, 12", S/Sided, Columbia, ,
Vocal
Geraldine Farrar
Bonnie Sweet Bessie
1911, ,
Romantic/Vocal/Opera
The Pro Arte Orchestra* Conducted By Stanford Robinson, Gilbert & Sullivan
Sullivan
7", EP, Mono, Pye Records
The Pro Arte Orchestra* Conducted By Stanford Robinson, Gilbert & Sullivan
Sullivan
7", EP, Mono, Pye Records,
Various
Artist Heard On Many Voices
Flexi, 8", Shape, Card, Smplr, Harcourt, Brace and Company, ,
Poetry/Education/Spoken Word
Gilbert & Sullivan - The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company*
The Pirates Of Penzance - Highlights
CD, Album, RM, Decca, ,
Opera
Zonophone Light Opera Company
Vocal Gems From "The Bell Of New York"
Shellac, 10", Zonophone, ,
Opera
Mayfair Orchestra
"Princess Ida" Selection/ "The Gondoliers" Overture
Shellac, 12", His Master's Voice, ,
Operetta
Gilbert & Sullivan - The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company*
The Grand Duke
2xCD, Album, RE, RM, London Records
The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company*
The Mikado
DVD-V, British Home Entertainment, ,
Operetta
Various
Together We Sing Album 2
Shellac, 10", Album, Follett Publishing Company,
Gilbert & Sullivan - The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company*, The New Symphony Orchestra Of London
The Mikado
LP, Golden Tone
Joyce Grenfell And Stanley Holloway
Bab Ballads And Cautionary Tales
LP, Caedmon Literary Series, ,
Poetry
Gilbert & Sullivan - D'Oyly Carte Opera Company
H.M.S. Pinafore
2xLP, Decca, ,
Operetta
Gilbert & Sullivan — Sir Charles Mackerras, Orchestra* & Chorus Of The Welsh National Opera*
The Pirates Of Penzance
,
Operetta/Romantic
Joyce Grenfell And Stanley Holloway
Bab Ballads And Cautionary Tales
,
Poetry
The Pro Arte Orchestra* Conducted By Stanford Robinson, Gilbert & Sullivan
Sullivan Overtures
Gilbert And Sullivan* / D'Oyly Carte Opera Company
H.M.S. Pinafore, Trial By Jury
,
Musical/Opera
Gilbert & Sullivan - D'Oyly Carte Opera Company
The Mikado
,
Opera/Operetta
The Wittnauer Choraliers, The Longines Symphonette
Grand Opera and Operetta
,
Folk
The Linden Singers And The Westminster Symphony Orchestra* Conducted By Alexander Faris
The Pirates Of Penzance Or A Sense Of Duty
,
Opera/Musical
Alfred Heller
Lloyd Harris in An Evening With W.S. Gilbert
1980, LP, Original Cast Records, ,
Musical/Soundtrack