arranged by Gary King
arranged by Harry Whitaker
arranged by Hugh McCracken
arranged by Leon Pendarvis
arranged by Michael Kamen
arranged by Roberta Flack
backing vocals Brenda White King
backing vocals Deniece Williams
backing vocals Eugene McDaniels
backing vocals Gwen Guthrie
backing vocals James Mtume
backing vocals Jim Gilstrap
backing vocals Lani Groves
backing vocals Leon Pendarvis
backing vocals Roberta Flack
backing vocals Ronnie Foster
backing vocals Zachary Sanders
bass Anthony Jackson
design Gazebo Group
design Stewart Bosley
drums Allan Schwartzberg
drums Howard King
drums Idris Muhammad
drums Jimmy Wong
drums Steve Gadd
electric bass Anthony Jackson
electric bass Basil Fearrington
electric bass Will Lee
engineer [recording] Brian Christian
engineer [recording] Joe Ferla
engineer [recording] Mike Moran
engineer [recording] Phil Schier
engineer [recording] Ralph Moss
engineer [recording] Ted Spencer
executive-producer Ahmet Ertegun
guitar David Spinozza
guitar Hugh McCracken
guitar Jeff Mironov
guitar John Tropea
guitar Reggie Lucas
keyboards Don Grolnick
keyboards Harry Whitaker
keyboards Leon Pendarvis
keyboards Paul Griffin
keyboards Rob Mounsey
keyboards Roberta Flack
keyboards Ronnie Foster
mastered by Jack Adelman
percussion 'Crusher' Bennett
percussion David Carey
percussion Gary King
percussion James Mtume
percussion Jimmy Maelen
photography by [back] David Gahr
photography by [front] John Pinderhughes
producer Eugene McDaniels
producer Joe Ferla
producer Rubina Flake
remix Joe Ferla
synthesizer Ronnie Foster
Recorded At The Hit Factory
Recorded At Columbia Recording Studios
Recorded At RCA Studios, New York
Recorded At Record Plant, N.Y.C.
Recorded At Kendun Recorders
Recorded At Westlake Audio
Recorded At Record Plant, Los Angeles
Recorded At P.S. Recording Studios